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PATHIVARA VISIT 2019

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Timro Maya

Youth and the future of Nepal

Nepal is in crossroads with many kinds of debacles around mainly due to diverse interests in politics. The brokers of the country repeatedly give the reason of “Sankramankal” to hide their failure to bring development to citizens. Glad that we are somehow remained in a position of a state until today just because some of the state’s apparatus are functional those run through the pre-defined legal processes. Our development agendas have not yet taken a course and are in a trailing position. Let us talk about an issue that has been neglected but closely interlinked and carries a huge influence in the social dynamics- “the youth migration”.

We citizens, if introspect in a deeper manner, are compelled to think about the future of the society and the country. What will be our population dynamics in future?  Who will be the custodian of our society? These issues of grave concern come in the mind while helplessly watching the youth population in a massive scale migrating from this poor country. If we ask the educated youngsters in cities about their future plans, most of them answer “bahira jane” (go abroad). One can find talking about it at streets, tea shops and gatherings and all over. Parents also accustomed to spend lavishly on them so their offspring land up to foreign countries even if they need to support with the hugely borrowed debt.  

However, it should not be seen just as a fault of these youth. What is their mistake if they eye their pleasure and prosperity in foreign land. If we go to the root of this issue, we can see this syndrome has been developed into a culture since the past and children are pressurised by the number of ‘push factors’- ongoing political turbulence, our foreign-loving society, their peer group pressure and so forth. The issue here is not only about the youth and their obsession of foreign education and culture but also the dilapidated education and employment market system to absorb this youth population inside the country. Particularly, the government needs reassessment- How many quality institutions have been promoted to educate the youth in the country? What kind of vocational education has it promoted in the country and in what degree? How many high level research and development institutions are opened up where young aspirants can expect to acquire higher degrees inside the country? What is the prospect of their employment security there after? The bottom line is: governments have substantially failed to create the rays of hope to the youth in this country and indirectly promoting out-migration culture.

We are having two education systems developing two type of apprenticeship – by government schools and by private schools. This is producing different kind of labour force promoting clear labour division of the population. One kind often migrate to the Middle East, Malaysia for a subsistence earning and another aspire for education & employment across Europe, Australia and the US and mostly get settled there.  

In this scenario, there are no other alternatives but set clear measures to minimise this alarming migration trend. Primarily, governments need to look after this matter seriously on policies and actions needed in this direction. Our youth population needs to simply think about the value of their presence in this country by the means of creating spaces for themselves. Teachers and Parents also have a greater role in this mission. Talented youth are urged to abstain from the thought of foreign life and luxuries and sustain their living in Nepal so that they can make some meaningful participation & contribution. For the decent job holders- let us stop to aspire for the alien land in search of big buck. Homecoming is demanded now instead.

In order to make our society descent and livable, we shall develop the culture of respect and tolerance. Our youth need to act as a change agent on it and rectify it. The ongoing political fiasco has corroborated that patriotism, nationalism, people, democracy have become the politician’s favorite slogans to fulfill their party and personal ambitions. The real nationalism lies at the hands of youth through the means of protecting our vibrant culture, harmony, promoting morality and contribute to nation building; and they need to act on it urgently.

Youth participation in politics is significant now because this is the ultimate means to power in our country. They should participate in constitution formation process because youth voice cannot be replicated until and unless it is left to the aged echelons of politicians. With ever increasing migration and dwindling active youth population, a serious question comes on Nepal’s survival with dignity in near future.  An urgent action needed.

kamal_kh@hotmail.com

CLIMATE CHANGE

Climate change is a global problem and Nepal is not left from the ill effects of this phenomena. As said in the article that we are carbon neutral country which has been the real cause of the global warming and climate change. We need to work with the global community to fight against global warming and climate change and put on measures to cope with it. Drammatic degradation of snow capped mountains has been the visible example. The outburst of newly formed lakes down stream the mountains are also the problems we are scared of now. But, in my opinion thia is not a huge problem to be dealt immediately because number of such lakes are not many that bring a big catastrophe. However, there are many other problems which are closely attached with the livelihood of the people and environment as well presently and for the future and can be minimised in an integrated approach. The water scarcity in hilly areas is rising and there are some examples whereas villagers pay 1-2 rupees a litre water fetched by tankers from the rivers nearby. Therefore developing rural towns at the nearby water bodies/streams/rivers is very necessary so the people can go work on their fields uphill or downhill and stay enjoying available water and other physical aminities-electricity, road, telephone line and many more. This way we can save vegetation and boost up forestation which bring positive impact to our environment. This also minimise the haphazardly constructed rural roads-another cause of envirnmental degradation and cause of interlink problems. This will also minimise the migration to Terai and release the pressure on productive land. (This is a comment to an article)

QUALITY EDUCATION

The writers' view is correct with some reservations. Their query about the linkage of quality education with the migration is not 100 percent correct. It is the fact that very few go abroad for higher education purpose, complete their studies and get a job according to their qualification but many apply to the foreign colleges as a means to stay abroad and earn. It can be assumed that more than 80 percent of the people who go abroad for study actually don’t prioritise their further education but from the economic point of view. There is the question of quality education in Nepal for sure, but not in that degree.
This is a fact that unemployment is a real reason behind foreign employment simply cannot be judged with the value system because it has occurred for their livelihood. It might be true in the case of some exceptions- sending costly schools, very good jobs etc. We must know that a kind of famine will start if they are not associated with foreign employment (Gulf or India). No drastic reform has been made or productivity has a surge like in other countries. Responsible are those people- institutions, individuals, politicians who are limited to research papers or fake promises.
People have higher prestige who have a connection with the developed countries is true. However, the perception is gradually changing in Kathmandu or big towns because sending them has not contributed much in family's economic status as much as they invest in their education. Many are not able to earn but still demand money back home for education or even for survival. They are not 'Thula Manche' in this respect than others. There are many many opt to stay in Nepal expecting some better opportunities. Politics has been responsible for this persisting situation. Politicians are the actual resourceful person when they are in power but due to lack of vision they make no changes or at least not visible.
Authors are 100 percent right about those people who are stay in their village or return back but lack respect and dignity. It is so good that many parents sending their children to the towns for good education with their hard earned income in their village itself.
In order to overcome the economic and class hierarchy we should get rid of geographical barriers. Migration is indeed a very necessary component but there should be a proper and strong monitoring body in the government so that the fruit can be distributed among all the disadvantaged citizens and negative implications are minimised. (comments made on Seto pati http://setopati.net/opinion/2046/Nepalese-migration:-Necessary-evil?/ )

Running Away from Duties!!!!!

It is a contentious matter that main leaders of political parties are absent in this most important and debatable discussion in the assembly. Where do they go and what do they do by hijacking and hampering the assembly proceedings? Their presence and guidance to new assembly members is vital for timely promulgation of the constitution.
Now, politicians are debating on different versions of federalism is a welcoming step so that many pros and cons of different governance system will be known to the people. However, we should note that federations should be self-sustainable and every section of people have equal rights with no presence of discrimination in any affairs. Ethnicity-based federalism would have been valid some decades back but has become unsuitable at present due to subsiding population of a particular ethnic group in any particular place. Factors like migration, adaptation of pluralistic culture and formation of mixed ethnic societies does not allow ethnic federalism. However, cultural heritage, languages of various ethnic groups should be protected and deprived and disadvantage sections of the society should be addressed by any means. Now, the war should be fought to uplift the class and not limiting to caste.

Constitution Drafting and Deadlocks

Same deadlocks will arise in the process of promulgating the constitution in the constituent assembly though degree will be little lesser, but after all, it will hamper. There will be conflict among the members in any decision, therefore, the middle path is justifiable. Number of factors need to be assessed while demarcating the federal units. This uphill task should not only be the prerogative of CA alone but a overwhelming panel of experts need to be involved in way we need different specialist doctors during performing surgery. Giving identity is important because this has brought a series of movements recently and also we human beings like to be identified according to our enriched history. However, we also need to look after the interests of diverse population while identifying single- ethnic units. This system cannot guarantee respectable existence of 'unidentified' sections in the domain of identified but still a minority population. The principle factor here is the sustainability of divided states. Will identity-based but hilly-states survive with the given production capacity? Will the Terai survive without water resource -sharing with the himalayas and hills ultimately coming through their terrain? In fact, more disputes between the states will erupt if only based on ethnic- identity as CA gets over. With our politicizing mentality where we cannot even have consensus on garbage dumping site, intra-party rifts on heights, how can we continue judicious resource distribution process in the long run. Therefore, the present distributions of geographical regions seem appropriate and can be given state status. Country should give identity at the district level or local level. Renaming the streets name, school name, name of places based of language and ethnicity. Promotion of ethnic history, culture, language, costumes, religious sites and so on. Waging ethnic war at home and depending on external employment, resources seems a kind of irony among us. Time should start to think of development, employment, solution of disputes-border, water, trade and transit. Majority of population desperately waiting for economic development, prosperity, integrity and keep pace with the world.

CHOOSING SILENCE

Paulo Friere’s “Pedagogy of the Oppressed” denounces the Culture of Silence says oppressors create a culture of silence so oppressed always remain silent and continue to get oppressed. This renowned educator’s judgment can be generalized in discourses of poverty and education in underdeveloped world: But does this apply 100 percent in the present context of Nepal?

Culture of silence should not be practiced as a deterrent to freedom of speech and to right to information of citizen. But, rethink of degree self-expression can be strongly recommended as many times performing the freedom violates personal rights, right to development of common men.

Politics as a game of tactics and tantrums always inspires people involved in it to be in the limelight especially in Nepali context. Speeches on repeated subjects, commitments are the part and parcel of politicians who never stop for silence. Media in another way boosts them to speak further and further and bring out everything they have in their minds. May be many of us do not enjoy 24 hours broadcast of political speeches, interviews and talk show on TV which are not so productive. Mornings are again full of in-bed interviews of politicians offer their views on current affairs, future directions, protest plans of their respective parties.

All over everywhere, big talks prevail but results are always unfulfilled promises; and no good contributions are made by leaders, policy makers and development brokers except for their personal matters. Many meetings, seminars workshops are organized and many voices are heard but too little they offer to the actual beneficiary whom these activities are meant for. Many clubs and societies are formed in foreign countries but most of them are politically inclined and battle for leadership break out among them every time.

“Children are the zone of peace”, this slogan has become a mockery due to current trend of politics as political parties distribute party membership at schools and trained students to be a rebel in future. They are not trained in course of study but in public speaking at an early age. A youngster is made a 'savior' of the country and a profound leader to ‘liberate’ people from the slavery.

From homes to Pani Pandheras from offices to parties people everywhere enjoy gossip, pass comments and making negative remarks of people. So much buzz goes on small matters. Sometimes too much of publicity and praise is given in small accomplishments. By this manner, carriers of person many times go in doldrums due to unnecessary comments about them and their personal lives.

For our own development, let us just do more than words we speak. To create, innovate or to develop hard labour is indispensible. Therefore, only by worshiping labour, one can achieve the higher goals; contribute to the society. Success cannot be found in fruitless speeches and noises but in silences. Many Bedic and Buddhist scriptures revered silence as a primary factor to reach out the God. In that manner, to worship or to do hard labour, silence is a justifiable environment for our development. Let our progress and prosperity flow like serenity of a river. Let us allow people to struggle and achieve their goals instead of making negative remarks and gossips on them. Choose silence over noises. Sometimes Silence is beautiful.

Kamal Khanal
Kamal_kh@hotmail.com

Promoting Rural Development- Indispensible For Future

We are a subsistence agrarian economy. Anybody likes it or not this is an undisputable reality. Thousands of researches on different ‘development models’ are in surface today but we are still making persistent efforts and dragging ourselves up to be with the time. Economically, this development debacle has been a very very costly exercise and still in the continuum.

There has been some progress above all these years in rural areas of Nepal talking particularly about hilly regions. Per capita have increased, accessibility to those areas have eased the problem of supplies; mobility has become easier due to increase in volume of rural roads. But we can also see different scenario just at the other side of the coin. We see a depressive picture as a ‘hill economy’ raising many questions for our sustainable growth when hill accounts more than 80 percent of the territory of the country.

Countrymen in hill settlements had many challenges for survival in earlier times primarily to sustain their livelihood. The productivity was very low thanks to primitive system of cultivation, lack of irrigation and unproductive rugged terrain. We have not realized that almost same kind of status quo still prevalent in the rural hill economy today. Nothing much has been changed. If the inbound supplies of rural areas are obstructed, even today this impact directly hits the livelihood there, making it far more difficult than yesteryears because the food output there is significantly reduced due labour shortage, low precipitation and peoples’ interest towards cash crops. If migrant labors from urban areas and gulf don’t support with hard earned cash the acrimonious situation will prevail there.

The planners have not shifted their focus to the village as yet but are just lost in the hustle bustle of the cities. Their unscrupulous attitude has simply ignored peoples’ earnest desire of development. They have left this duty at the hands of community and NGOs who lack resources deliberatively. Combination and allocation of sustainable ideas and resources are what rural areas need today.

Hilly areas of Nepal have dispersed settlements and in such a state the cost of development is very high. Outreach of infrastructures like electricity transmission line, drinking water supply, road network in those places generate heavy expenditure. Therefore, our scattered households are also the reason behind the situation of unbalanced distribution of amenities.

Let us promote our small Haat, Bazars into rural towns allocating funds to improve their infrastructures. Give emphasis to those rural towns which are adjacent to the rivers or water bodies which ensures clean drinking water for a long run. Concentrated settlements minimize the haphazard construction of rural roads which are often the cause of landslides, water relapse problems, deforestation and environmental degradation.

We need to locate or relocate the areas for settlements and forests and cultivation. Such distribution will make a big significance when our territory is going to be divided into many units. Economic viability is a primary attribute of an able state.

Let us think measures to come and concentrate the foreign earned remittance in villages with any means. That may bring new opportunities and investments if carefully channelised. Different locations can be promoted as ‘one village one product’ concept according to their specialization and to enhance commercialization.

Boost rural tourism by developing specific outdoor locations and preserving old traditional artifacts, temples and structures. This may bring jobs to the rural youths and minimize out migration from villages. It will also minimize the trend of migration to Terai reducing pressure there which is said as the bread basket of the country. Becoming self-sustainable, less dependable to the Terai is indispensible for sustainable future. This cannot be a reality until and unless the government carries revolutionary initiatives and jumps into this ‘model’ of development.

Kamal Khanal
Kamal_kh@hotmail.com

comment on Nepalitimes article

Road Expansion

The road-expansion project -first being implemented in Kathmandu and later extended to other cities of the country is a praiseworthy task. It may not be so important to go into the depth that who is the initiator- may be concern road department or the government of that time. This massive task could not have been done by single entity but with the support of multiple concerned stakeholders.
Now the capital is having a facelift with widened roads though many roads are still dusty and filthy. But should be acknowledged that the initiative and progress has been significant as with many roads are under completion or in process.
Itt is noteworthy to mention that the government now should bring out a proper urban management plan, and promulgate laws on use of residential and commercial areas. Kathmandu is already flooded with many shops at most of the road- side households, every nook and corner. Denizens needs cannot be comprised; they need to visit their nearby shops to buy things having no significant alternatives. This is promoting unregulated parking, making traffic jams as well as fatal accidents.
This kinds of situation will not allow us to leap forward for an improvement. Situation will remain stagnant and cities will be more congested and crowded in coming days. Of course opening outlets cater income to the owner of the house as well as a livelihood to the shop owner but other measures needed to devise if we all want the city to look clean, green and congestion free and aesthetically beautiful.

June 13, 2013
Kathmandu

सुनौलो विहानी

त्यो दिनको सुनौलो विहानीको आगमन सँगै तिमी
हाम्रो वगैचामा सुन्दर फूल सरी आयौ तिमी ।

कुन आकाश गंगा कुन विश्व कुन देशबाट आयौ
यो माया र ममताको डोरीमा धागो सरी मिल्न आयौ ।

तिम्रो सधै रहोस् खुशी र स्वस्थ तनमन
ईश्वरको दृष्टि सधे परिरहे मुहार रहोस् कन्चन ।

जिन्दगीका मोडहरुमा आएका अप्ठयारो सँगै
जुध्न सक भिड्न सक आवोस उर्जा सँगसगै ।

यसस्वी हुनु तेज अघि बढ्दै जानु तिमी
प्रथम जन्मदिनको हार्दिक शुभकामना, हुनु दिर्घजीवी तिमी ।

कमल खनाल
२०७०, जेठ १२, काठमाडौं

Fallen Memories

Clean sky above, green trees in the surrounding, abode where he was born
Soothing and fresh air, a settlement beneath a tiny foothill
Sweet home stands and behold him with a warm feel
No worries just the happy child he was himself within

He'd sneak at the blue horizon at the dawn about to greet the sun
The rays' first illumination of majestic Kanchanjanga, Kumbhakarana stand at front by his home
The chirping sound of little birds, sayapatri, parijat, jaiful and the fragrance
Alas! He could subjugate the time, pack up the memories, run and run

The vegetation, the rocks, the banyan tree, the people, loved and cared
No vengeance, no grudges ever anyone had, but kindle empathy and generosity
The people always merry and mesmerize as if blessed by the almighty
Tranquil setup; happy and sad times that always was among shared

The rain, the sunshine, the wander on foot trails with his loneliness
The green paddy fields and the flowing water from each terrace
Song of solitary reaper, drench of rainfall still flashbacks and heart starts to race
God! can you be generous and bring again his childhood and bliss

Kamal Khanal
Kathmandu

चाहना

चाहना र इच्छा पनि मनमा धेरै थिए
पुरा गर्ने आकांक्षा संगै थियो
नजानिदो जिन्दगाी यो धमिलो भइरह्यो
के हो के हो जीवन यो अधुरो रहिरह्यो ।


तिम्रा पनि चाहना धेरै थिए होलान्
मनका पिडा बेदनाहरु मेटेर अघि बढ्ने रहरहरु थ्एि होला
राजसी रहर र फूल सरी हाँस्न मन थियो होला
तर दुर्भाग्य र असिमित दुखका खडेरीहरुले तिमीलाई गाँजी रह्यो भाँजी रह्यो ।



यस्तो परिवेश नहोस् मेरो पनि भावना यही थियो
तर प्रेयसी तिमी कुन धारमा वगिरह्यौ मैले भेट्नै सकिन
तिमीलाइ कसरी पारी तार्ने मैले मेसो देख्नै सकिन
तिमी एउटा यात्री रहेछौ न म मिल्न नै सके न बुझ्न नै सकें ।



जीवनको प्रबाहमा मैले तिम्रो सफलता नै चाहें तर तिमीले त्यो बुझ्न सकिनौं
तिम्रो अस्तित्वका लागि गरेका वलिदानलाई जान्न सकिनौं
तिम्रा लागि धेरै मोडहरुमा मैले सायद धेरै गल्तिहरु गरेको छु
हे मन ! यो सबै तिम्रो शुमकामनाकै खातिर गरेको छु ।

कमल खनाल
बैशाख ३०, २०६९, काठमाडौं

Another break in the wall

This is another example how the political course works in Nepal and depicts how powerless are the people. As for the common public it is not why Lok Mansingh Karki is appointed as the chief of CIAA but how as the chief secretary under king's direct rule he suppressed democratic movement that resulted many loss of lives. Political parties especially Maoist was at the forefront to disclose their hue and cry against this person.  This shows how political parties show no moral values and indifferent towards public sentiments. The question comes for whom they fought war and for what reason they sacrifice the thousands of people? Why many people were killed who were in favor of monarchy during insurgency?  Is it just the monarchy as a system that was bad?  Does the system run itself or are there any actors involved to run it? Having any political faith of any common individual should be respected but the question is about the person who has such a negative image and indulged in political offense, abuse of power and against the public sentiments.

The appointment of new CIAA shows the political parties are just far from people. Even the independent publics do not favor this appointment because of the image this newly appointed person created and responsibility of creating this image profoundly goes the political parties themselves. This is a strong evidence which made people believe he not the right person for the right job. 

Cross-party political panel recommended Karki as the new chief of CIAA.  Waves of suspicion is that- Is the real kingmaker sits somewhere else? If this appointment is just the result of tussle and a matter of coincidence that is different angle but if it is a preconceived affair for fulfilling some body's vested interest it will bring another setback for the country. Even more serious is it will tarnish democratic norms and values- people elected government, constitutional appointment, and bureaucratic values. This will land the country in the wave of circular notions where we can not separate between the past bad order and the positive changes we are proud of so far today. 

The City Which Never Gets Rest

Every morning the day in Kathmandu begins at 4, 5 am. The parents make a good deal of efforts waking up their children from slumber to gear up for the schools and colleges. Some kids crying louder bothering their neighbor and adamant to get up. The teenagers, the college goers have even tougher time getting up as early as 5 and get prepared. It is curious that the girls manage to get wonderfully dressed with amazing make ups so early.

The streets are already full of activity at early morning. There is circular motion of college goers moving here and there at every direction with diverse colors uniforms. Mask clad girls can be seen stepping ahead enigmatically protecting themselves from the dust and feel carefree inside undisclosed identity. Some girls are sticking to their lean boyfriends in fancy modified bikes riding at the speed of 70 km per hour. So it is not strange to witness mishaps early in the morning due to over-speeding of bikes.

The sweepers already ‘finish up’ their duties early by the dawn. The morning walkers seem targeting different directions revitalizing their energy passing through the circle of dust. The porters are already gathered at chowks hope get employment of moving the merchandise. The rag pickers are already surrounding the garbage piles. Slowly the street is thickening up by the vehicular movement and passersby. Entire city remains busy, dusty, congested, crowded throughout the day. The congestion is more awful at evenings. It is hard to differentiate between the pavement and road because both the places are used by the commuters and vehicles together. People look hurrying up to their destinations. The ears get deafening blows due to biker’s honking searching for the road ahead as if they are in the great emergency.

The night life begins with the engagements to star hotels to cafes to dance bars to dohari bars to discos. Mostly they are jampacked with the young crowd. Various recreations & enjoyments are obtainable at different places according to the class & choice of people. This saga remains until late night. Another segment of the netizens is ready to wake up for the following day when some are yet to finish up the day. So the city never gets rest rumbling with the crowd everyday & night while humbly furnishing all the good and ugly demands of the citizens without getting any act of care & compassion return. It simply obtains the trademark of polluted, dirty, filthy city by the people who everyday simply contaminate the streets, rivers & the entire environment.

The Dynamics of Climate Change

The power politics of today’s uni-polar world is gradually taking a shift due to an alarming issue of Global Warming & Climate Change. The world so far had never realized such situation will knock us in such spontaneous manner. A decade ago this matter was not the primary concern of many developed countries who has played a pivotal part in contributing green-house gases. The Global Warming is a prize due to their avid consumption of resources as a ‘ripple effect’. The posterior consequences never got true retrospection from their side and continued to carry on advancing their heavily resource-consuming mega infrastructures and consuming resources to create energy (coal, petroleum to generate electricity) & so on. Nevertheless, they have set the conventional slogan of ‘big and beautiful’.

However, in recent years, the Global Warming & climate-change phenomenon has reoriented the development definition. The dilemma between massive consumption of resources for creating mega-structures or building small, green and environment friendly structures is lingering both the developed as well as developing world. Country to country may have their own set of limitations to their path but the issue once again rejuvenated developed and underdeveloped world to come together in a platform because Global Warming is no more a problem of a particular country or an area. It is praiseworthy that even the hostile states are also joining each other’s drive to fight out for this collective cause. To jumpstart is imperative now due to visible & disastrous impact of Climate Change that can be noticed from alarming rise in the sea level of some countries or Graying of ice-covered lands of the green land and the North Pole or the snow-capped Himalayas. This debacle has encouraged indulging in serious discussions & cooperation worldwide.

Many countries are already involved in exchanging ideas & technologies. Developed countries are also forced to divulge their expensive green-technologies to poor countries which otherwise have a handsome value in the commodity market because they know if they don’t share they themselves may devoid of scarce natural resources- drinkable water, irrigation more particularly inundation of their own coastal land due to rise in sea-level. It is pitiful that powerful and highly developed countries commitments at environment summits duly go uncomplied and show indifference towards cutting their carbon emission who often try to escape by injecting token economic packages into developing countries in the name of plantation, awareness & environment protection programs. Global Warming can never be overcome without strong compliance & resilience from developed countries side. They shouldn’t escape from their responsibilities shouldering the burden to the underdeveloped countries.

Developing countries’ untapped natural resources are now into the ‘eagle eyes’ of developed countries. At this juncture, developing countries should move very cautiously and cash the situation and bargain for own set of economic interests simultaneously serving for the collective benefit. Dominant countries poised to capture such resources by manipulation or enticement or by taking advantage of unstable situation. We can never rule out that Nepal can’t be the victim of that fiasco due to our unstable situation, divisive politics & lack of national unity. Nepal, being rich in natural resources-forests, glaciers, lakes, rivers should move vigilantly ahead without compromising its future national interests keeping the internal conflicts at bay. The Global Warming can prove to be ‘the blessing in disguise’ if we are able to tap the situation. Otherwise, Global Warming will certainly wipe us out but we will immediately debarred from our own valuable natural resources. However, if we move responsibly time will be in our favor which can engender our sustainable & prosperous future and also can contribute to overcome the Global Warming & Climate Change.

Ill Effects of Journalism in Nepal

Journalism is one of the most crucial arbitrators in overall functioning of the country. It has influence from governance to development, environment to social & economic aspects. That why it is regarded one of the pillars of democracy. Journalism in Nepal has been flourished since long time but it has had a boom particularly after the democratic movement of 1993. Many mediums of Journalism- radio, television, internet, and newspaper have been sprung up in the country catering the various information demands of people.

Today in Nepal, except some big publication & houses, many newspapers have sprung up on the pretext of survival interests (run for bread). Many such small publishing houses publish the sensational news on political scandals, big corruption stories and crafted news just to make their sells soar. Such stories only makes the public curious, they don’t have the place to check the validity of the news. Nor the affair gets investigated so far and the public is informed. This has challenged the morality of journalism which has to confer truth to the public. This has, no way done well for our journalism. In developed countries Journalism provides true stories in dynamic fields, non-political structures, but in our country, journalism mostly focuses on the politics & day to day affairs.

Journalism has yet to become mature & professional in Nepal. Many journalists are quite young lacking adequate skill and performance with a very rustic temperament.

Yet in another aspect, we lack professionalism while dealing with the foreign dignitaries. For example, journalists often put queries with such visitors and diplomats in interviews or press conferences such as – how do you evaluate the relationship between the two political parties! What do you think will be the solution to our political problem? Or what will be your role to solve the crisis! And so on. Such kinds of questions unnecessarily undermine our capability and dignity while surrendering to foreigner's guidance in our own trivial issues. Journalists should speak the language of citizens shouldn’t make the people humiliated or undermine our dignity. This is how the dependent culture is all sought accepting the domination of foreigners.

Every day politicians are busy in media clubs for interviews, & conferences. They repeat their statements hundreds of times which at all are not fruitful. Party leaders blame each other and always make threatening & provocative statements about political situation. They don’t give breakthrough of the crisis but terrify the public with bad predictions. The platform becomes a place to blame, provocation instead of becoming a friendly interaction for a solution. The speeches of politicians are not good for anybody else. They don’t speak the truth but what benefits them and their parties. Medias also entertain them very highly give space to their statement which doesn’t carry any value. Media should now judge the relevance of such clubs & events and entertain only those which carry a high importance. Medias should demonstrate the professionalism presenting the truth which can make their esteem high and show the responsibility at the transitional time of the country.

LEARNING FROM SOUTH KOREA'S PROGRESS by Kamal Khanal

The fundamental twist and turmoil in global politics and ideology led to divide Korea into two occupation zones at the end of 1945, with the United States administering the southern half of the peninsula and the Soviet Union taking over the north dividing Korea exactly into two parts in 38th parallel. Now these separate nations have diametrically opposed political, economic, and social systems in the post-independence period.

The population of 48,508,972 (July 2008 est) South Korea is smaller than Nepal in geographical size. However, exceptionally productive workforce guided by sound government policies with disciplined work culture guided South Korea to shine in less than half of the century. This led to extraordinary economic growth from mere GDP of 3.3 billion dollars in 1962 to 957 billion dollars in 2007. Per capita income of a Korean reached $27,647 (IMF) in 2008 which slightly slowed down now due to economic recession worldwide. S Korea had a rapid economic growth averaged more than 8 percent per year. It had a massive transformation for twenty some years from the 60s to 80s. Earlier South Korean society was under feudalistic culture similar to Nepal with unequal distribution of wealth and land. As a part of modernization in the fifties, South Korea started the land reform program. The land reform retained the institution of private property confiscating and redistributing land held by the Japanese colonialists. Koreans with large landholdings were also obliged to divest most of their land. A new class of independent, family proprietorship was created.

A military coup was led by Major General Park Chung-Hee in 1961. During his regime, South Korea began to take a more confident role in international relations & the economy grew rapidly. The Park regime used the foreign aid from Japan and the United States and provided loans to export businesses. It supported the construction of Pohang Iron and Steel Company (POSCO) steel mill, which became one of the world's largest steel mill at later period. Park Chung Hee has been credited with the industrialization of South Korea through export-led growth, but also criticized for his authoritarian way of ruling the country. He was named "one of the top 100 Asians of the 20th Century" by Time Magazine.

The early South Korean economic plans emphasized the development of agriculture and infrastructure, at later period, it shifted to construction, light industry, electronics, and heavy and chemical industries. An export-driven economy developed. Incentives for exports included a reduction of income taxes for exporters, tariff exemptions for raw materials imported for export production, business tax exemptions etc. Public enterprises of 1960s concentrated in the areas of electrification, banking, communications, and manufacturing. By 1990s those enterprises were already efficient revenue-producing units. Privatization in S Korea began in the 80s, many government backed firms opened to the market to private parties, but the government remained the principal stockholder in each company such as in Korea Electric Power Corporation (KEPCO) and Pohang Iron and Steel Company (POSCO).

Foreign credit dependency of 60s to finance development decreased due to increased liberalization and internationalization. In the 1990s South Korea had greater reliance on domestic sources. In the late 1950s and early 1960s, South Korea was one of the first among developing nations in opening to the world trade. In 1960, country was one of the poorest spots on the planet. Today, South Koreans enjoy an immensely prosperous lifestyle compared to their parents and grand parents. Liberalization & openness helped to prevent the resources getting trapped in aging industries and to tap large
foreign markets for its emerging industries. The result, Korea is now a thirteenth largest economy worldwide, serving an example of a free market economy with little protectionism.
The successive Five-Year Economic Development Plan started in 1962 laid a foundation for industrialization from subsistence agriculture to modern manufacturing and export trade. Some of the aspects of country’s progress have been restructuring the chaebol- based system (family business associations), promotion of village-based industries, flexibility in the labor market, liberalization of the domestic market & promotion of foreign investment.
In 1973 Iron and steel works as well as Petro-chemicals were constructed. POSCO now is a symbol of national pride. With the strong Korean shipbuilding and automobile industry dependent on POSCO for steel, it has been seen as the bedrock of Korea's industrial development over the past 40 years. Construction of nuclear power plants beginning in 1978 helped to become self-reliant in energy. Giant conglomerates like Hyundai, Doosan heavy industries, Dawoo, Samsung, LG, SK were the dominant enterprises which led drastic economic growth of the country. The Samsung brand overtook Japanese rival Sony in 2005, and became top 21st global brand in 2008. It is also the leader in construction, finance, chemical, retail and entertainment field. Samsung Group accounts for more than 20% of South Korea's total exports, its revenue as large as some countries' GDP.

"Miracle on the Han River" is a phrase used to describe the period of rapid economic growth in South Korea from the 1961 to 1997 Asian financial crisis. In particular, this phrase refers to the economic growth of Seoul, through which the Han River flows. From the ashes of "The Korean War" Koreans change their work culture & adopted extreme hard labor & prepared to do any Dirty, Difficult and Dangerous (3D) works to make today's shining Korea.

Negative effects of Progress: Korean people “faster and faster" motto, a slogan used by them in promoting industrialization has caused environmental degradation. Whereas, prosperity has caused social and generational gap in the society resulting differences in way of thinking among different generations often leading to distorted relationships & family disintegration. Nextly, the widening political, economic & social gap between South and North Korea is regarded a big obstruction in two countries future unification.

The Japanese occupation in the peninsula had many negative implications and still the Korean remember those days with unforgettable nightmare. Korean War also devastated their countries which energize them to change their work culture. Under Army rule Suppressions of sparking rebellions also led thousands of deaths. These were great upheavals. We can learn a lot from South Korean history. The bottom line is, we should be earnest and hardworking for our collective progress. The government has the pivotal role to play in this path. South Korea had a great leap forward within half a decade of time but with enormous hardships & dedication. We should learn & adopt Korean's development models in our country too. 1

kamal_kh@hotmail.com

EXCESS OF RACKLESSNESS

There is a serious distress of citizens towards the apathy of political parties. The parties in power are now indulged in weapon business whereas the opposition Maoists are busy in criticizing it. Finally who are back in the business of obstruction of the CA proceedings. CA is here not only for political discussions, but has the prerogative to function as a legislative body and execute other decisions too. Parties don’t have the priority to the agendas as food security, drought, Monsoon or health. It is indeed a shame that no one pays attention to other crucial affairs. Why the state has no concern over the medicine- deprived, poor and sick citizens burning with the misery of Diarrhea and Cholera outbreak in Jajarkot and Rukum? Does any central political leader have the courage to go with the medical supplies there? If the Maoists have the guts, obstruct the CA for this crucial matter! In any country, such issues get a center stage and the state has the obligation to set aside the main political agendas and take immediate measures to tackle it.

Why don’t the politicians or the political parties realize that majority of citizens either don’t understand or fed up with the wedged politics. They have new ray of hope in new republic Nepal. Many citizens now simply struggle for basic necessities- Food, Shelter, proper healthcare etc. What government and CA members who are elected by those disadvantaged people intended to do? Are they going to do politics sitting above the piles of corpses of innocent, hungry, and deprived people of Jajarkot and Rukum?

Conflict Transformation through Art & Sports

Since the civilization, human being has surpassed through several trials & tribulations and coped up with tremendous sufferings until it reached at this stage. During the pre-historic period human being was engaged in consistent struggle for its survival resulting gruesome carnages and fatalities in battles between different clans and groups. Waging corporal war was the only breakthrough for finding out a resolution and victory then. This sequel continued for a long period. With the time, wisdom & insights, the cost of war, devastation and suffering were begun to get realized. Political, social, cultural institutions & structures were begun to flourish & helped in bringing social harmony, peace & tranquility among the people. Arts and Sports played an influential role in shifting the peoples' war-mentality. They also worked as a powerful medium to transform the destructive force or negative energy within human who came into existence through war-spirit. Arts worked as an important medium to liquefy their destructive temperament and changing their inner self. It helped in minimizing their resentment, hatred and enmity. Art is still practiced as a perceptible medium to gain spiritual, physical, mental & emotional healing, wellbeing and happiness even today.

At the era when the world was under the shadow of great confrontation & war, Sports began to flourish as a crucial deterrent to such violent conflicts. The enemy states also accepted to take part in sports activities. In this way the enmity of two party got channelized into sports and seeked victory in the positive way. History has revealed that even in battles, sports used to be a decisive option against bloody confrontation to decide the winner.

Currently, Sports has become the life-blood of modern society throughout the world. Olympics, World cup & other international, national & local sports events have played an invisible role towards transforming the conflict-spirit of mankind. We can witness how even key political events get overshadowed at the time of Arts & Sports events like Olympics, world cup, Musical events & programs even in Nepal!

If Arts and Sports are universally accepted factors to minimize the conflict why can't we practice it in Nepal? They can certainly play a buffer role and help prevent Nepali youths & students from adopting conflict-culture. It is very awful that people are forced to believe "muscle power" as an ultimate power and solution for survival. People are hopeless, empty-minded and frustrated with the ongoing scenario of the country which lures them to indulge in anti-social activities, for a little gain. Human mind is similar to the "ocean waves" and the sensations are in rising and falling pattern. So people's wrong & negative sensations are obvious but they needed to be given a positive direction. We many Nepali are compel to become the "party cadre' at an early youth at the school level. We have Student Unions in schools but sadly no Arts Societies, Sport clubs like in other countries. This discrepancy has affected students in their growth and prevented to think beyond the horizon of rotten politics. Here, it is never meant that young leaders should not be encouraged but the time of political schooling is wrong.

At the present phase, the country can't generate sufficient employment and other opportunities to its people. The resources are seriously in short supply and political consensus is too shallow. In order to prevent & redirect the youth from indulging in the web of violent politics & conflict, why can't we promote different types of Arts & Sports Schools, Stadiums and also intensify & expand sports activities and opportunities? Government as well as other stakeholders jointly can take lead in setting up such Clubs, Societies and develop the existing ones at the local and national level. This could be the best way to hold huge idle youths who get an alternative business, otherwise indulged in Violent Strikes, Blockades, Bandh, and Vandalism. By their participation in arts & sport activities they would attain spiritual, physical and mental enlightenment prompting them to go beyond the horizon of our "rotten politics' and have an opportunity to transform themselves. So future of the youths who are the agent of change & the building blocks of development would be secure at least temporarily so the country too gets a smooth passage ahead.q

Using the Power of Media

Media has become a fundamental tool & perceptible medium of expressing freedom in today's communication and information-savvy age. Right-to-information is perceived as the right of every human being and a foundation of democracy. Nepal has huge transformation in information technology prompting several forms of Medias and advanced communication systems setting up. Many parts of the country are now connected with one or the other form of media. Quick & timely information transmission has helped the citizens in several political, social & economic matters.

However, now-a-days media & clubs get flooded with politicians and politics who use those platforms for their political achievement. Their war of words, provocation, reprimand bring up counter-productive reactions and lead to conflict with the opponents. Though their remarks make no considerable impact at the higher level, two party cadres at low level may indulge in scuffle get further polarized against each other. Politicians while in media, all the time replicate their old words & speeches and use the podium to create terror & havoc uttering irresponsibly the terms like revolt, strike, burn, threaten of disintegration etc. So the discussion doesn't bestow with any constructive & worthy conclusion but further break apart the people's hope & optimism instead. Our long wait for consensus get further broken time and again.

Time now is to question what degree of priority should be given to which side (positive or negative) of politics? Journalists always chase the politicians. Televisions always puff-up the news in trivial political matters bringing chaos & frightening people. Media also become too personal sometimes and talk about politicians' dresses & their general activities rather the uncovering their good qualities. We citizens are also always curious to see & listen spicy type of news which is often unproductive. We like to see politicians' populist comments & who seek the public attention most of the time. Media should now stop over narrating "this leader said this and that leader said that" brand of comments.

Why don’t the media now shift the focus in other issues than politics? There are so many social, economic issues to be uncovered. We can talk of tourism, nature's beauty, entertainment, sports which can engender positive energy to the people. The repeated & stereotype broadcast of same static political scenario, same politicians, and same news & views may bring further dissatisfaction to our politics. There is a pool of subjects & talents in other fields. We can utilize them in this transformation.

Small Initiatives

Every country, either developed or developing, undergoes substantial migration towards their capital city and our case is also not an exception. But maintaining capital city’s outlook is equally of high significance. It should animate an example of cleanliness, civil security, and superior quality of facilities, infrastructures and sense of strong presence of the government is vital.
However, we see the grim picture if we see the development of other countries. The constructural infrastructure projects are virtually non-existent in the capital today. For more than half a century hardly any new roads are constructed. Hardly any reconstruction or renovation projects have been noticed in the main city streets for decades. It’s a big surprise that why authorities are in such a defunct state! Why every aspects of development are influenced by political mayhem. Public are trapped in heavy traffic jams for hours everyday. The situation is too critical due to narrow, filthy and congested roads. Unregulated constructions, parking have further intensified the congestion of roads. Why the authorities don’t take initiatives such as construction of underground parking bays? Government can at least build an environment so the private players & investors can come!
New & big road extension projects may be unviable due to high economic cost but authorities are not concerned even repairing/renovating tiny, dusty, filthy roads and cross- roads. However, they are always ready to attain international conferences related with the subject like environment, urban management etc. Why authorities are in such a deep slumber? Is it due to lack of knowledge, skill, will or something else?
Small street-expansion and widening projects support the traffic to be lot smoother. For that we can utilize the space above the sewer-line at both the sides of road can add huge space hence increase the road size. For any such successful initiatives, first of all, the government should bring out plans then it can invite the private players & ask for public support. The desire for positive change is important but authorities are too rigid to have even such dreams. The public also do not expect the government to fulfill their gigantic expectations at this transitional period but desire at least such small initiatives. The tasks of drafting new constitution as well as fulfillment of people’s long-awaited aspirations should go parallel. People can not tolerate if both of their hands are empty at last.

On going Political Stalemate

The present state of affairs shows our country is getting tied with the incessant web of complexities guided by the erratic politics and inefficient governance. One of the root causes of this state-of-affair is due backlash and untrustworthiness between the government and the people. It is happening since a long long span of time. Every time the government fails to show up the positive changes to the people hence, always fail to win the trust of the people as well.
Deeply-rooted party-based and faith-based politics & inclination towards political party is deeply rooted in Nepali political culture. The neutral & nationalist feeling is absent in every political scenario. Though non-believers in ideology based politics is ever increasing, they have nothing in their hand & not so strong as yet. One setback is, the loyalty in the political party in power is crucial to obtain a powerful position. While, good policies of the parties in power are also often protested and ill-treated by the opposition parties fearing it may win the trust of the people and gain extra political mileage.
The historic opportunity of Nepali to draft New Constitution is challenged by several obstacles. Political parties indulgence in dirty power game to reach the throne often dismantle the government one after another. Procuring the citizen’s basic necessities, Militant tendencies in political parties, armed-violence & unpractical demands of the Terai-based parties, individualistic & self-centered attitude of people, muscle-power base politics, citizen’s apathy towards rules and regulations, blockades and their gruesome demands, violent protests, killings etc are the serious issues to address today.
It is very shameful that political parties often talk about ‘new Nepal’ and ‘inclusiveness’ and do nothing. Maoist leaders are conventionally in favor of the People’s Republic though they express commitment in multiparty democracy too. Congress, UML & other parties’ demand democratic republic. Some of the pro-king parties are again trying to reinstate the king. So the web of all these conflicting ideologies is dissuading the country to stability & prosperity.
Formulating new and inclusive constitution is a long-awaited agenda & expected to address especially the under-privileged & backward people. They are desperate to ensure the equal footage and rights in the state mechanism. Present situation is a big joke while parties propagate ‘New Nepal’ and ‘New Constitution’. The ongoing political stalemate shows state of hopelessness on drafting a new constitution & the country’s future.
However, the serious question is, can we let those wait till the new constitution formation who can’t afford two meals a day? Can we afford to make new constitution ignoring day to day crisis? Do citizens afford wait & see the “new constitution” in such insecure state? Do citizens believe the constitution will ensure the freedom of expression when the people and journalist are getting brutally murdered while simply trying to uncover the social injustices & discriminations? Will the new constitution ensure the fear-free movement of the citizen from one place to another? Will streets be protest free? These are the serious issues.
Though, transitional governments have scores of responsibilities and take the peace process ahead, it should simultaneously ensure the presence of the government compel all to comply with the rule of law. Government should be accountable to the citizens and while making themselves accountable to self good governance is equally important. Government should establish a mechanism ensuring the people endowed with the basic services. Only then we can ensure the smooth path towards New and Prosperous Nepal.

Realizing small but important changes

The country is in the dire circumstances with the crisis looming all over and the citizens have hardly any respite from any angles. Governments after governments have changed and now political system has changed, but the citizens have hardly felt the government’s concern for them.
The new government has been repeatedly assuring the public that they will make the citizens feel the changes in the coming days but it hasn’t taken place as yet. Government may be busy in bringing out the ordinances in order to address the grievances from different angles. But, implementing them is also a serious challenge today.
Therefore, now parallel attention for constitution making as well as construction & development is vital because the standstill in reconstruction would be disastrous because constitution-making will take a longer period and crisis need to be tackled with urgency.
Every country, whether its developed or underdeveloped face the massive migration to the big cities and mostly the capital city. Outs case is also no exception. Governments and municipalities need to strictly enforce the rule, regulations and equally concerned to the management of the city. Physical, constructural infrastructure is the most important and visible factors/ways to gain the support of the citizens and can serve as a life-saving drug to the crisis stricken citizens. Widening the roads, cross- roads, management of pavement, concretizing and working on environment are of tremendous urgency today. Public has been curious where do the allocated fund goes because we very rarely see such activities until today. There are many places where if the authorities acted to broaden the roads and streets, the traffic would be smooth and hassle free. It should act upon constructing underground and above ground parking areas jointly with the private-public partnership. It can generate the revenue from that initiative.
First of all the government should act because it has the implementing capacity and resources and then ask for the public support. The desire for change is essential and only then the dream task to make that desire a reality comes later. The public doesn’t want the government to fulfill the unjustified and big desires now at least in this period. They desire the small and one day those small initiatives with multiply into the bigger ones.

Rulers and the realitiy

Since the unification period, Nepal has witnessed several conflicts, turmoil and bloodshed for the sake of power in a regular sequence of events. Kotparba, Bhandarkhal Parba and many more intrigues, ploys and massacres formally created the pivotal ground for Ranas to set up their hegemony and rule the country for more than a century. The tragic accident of communist leader Madan Kumar Bhandari, mass murder of the then King Birendra and his entire family is left as an everlasting ambiguity buried under the history of Nepal. The “guiding interests” of all such conflicts, murder-mysteries and assassinations work as a tool to gain and advance political mileage and privilege even today in this 21st century.

Feudal practices and mindset are deeply rooted in this country since the inception of Nepal as a modern state and flourishing as a negative-culture. Politics has become a dirty game of politicians guided by criminal elements and muscle power and money. They always lack the zeal and confidence to work for the people. Politicians didn’t understand that an achievement is possible only through consistent efforts, hard work and dedication. It is very sad that even today, we lack the leader who has such passion, strength and intellect which can guide the country towards the path of progress and prosperity.

If we want to spot out the causes of present Imbroglio we don’t need to go too far. This state-of-affairs is certainly a legacy of the feudalistic, absolutistic and nepotistic culture that has been flourished as the Nepali ‘unique’ culture. It was Ranas who seeded the rotten piles of feudalistic traditions and customs in people's mind in their 103 years long misrule. This legacy is a continuum and in fact, it is analogous to the concept of "Master and slave" inscribed by the colonial powers though Nepal never got colonized by any outsider.

If we perceive it more pragmatically, "Triangular-politics" or the existence of three political powers centres also boosted up persistent political deadlocks in the recent past. Major political changes in Nepal has mandated to three power-centres. Be it the King, Rightist and Leftist (UML) some years back or Rightist, UML and Maoist in the center stage at this moment. Regular occurrence of these circumstances are intensifying the ‘making and breaking’ of coalitions and hampering the smooth political process and people-centered plans and programs.

Post-democratic period of the 90s raised many politicians in the Nepali political arena. Instead of setting democratic values and culture, they put the infant and transitional democracy in more vulnerable and precarious condition. Their unethical behavior and ill-minded working style brought this country into a mess and who were motivated by their self interests. The current conflict today, is largely the legacy of corrupt practices of that period.

Maoist insurgency inflicted so much pain to the people in the name of arm revolution and "Maoist" ideology. This movement may be justifiable from their angle but nevertheless it was brutal which took the lives of many innocent civilians. On the other hand, royal takeover was a big mistake of the king. It created huge gap between the rulers and the ruled raising serious concern on the human rights perspective and resulted disposition of the king and the country has become a republic.


We as responsible citizens are not guided by our inner conscience, rational thoughts and "work culture" but look after for our own individual benefit. We engage in fulfilling our own desires and dispose those who want to do something for the collective benefit of people. We have no "respect" culture. Therefore, this cultural backwardness shams great threat to our future and eventually kindles and promotes long existed authoritarianism and criminalization in the political, economic and social spheres of the country.


For the collective benefit, what we need is the collective effort to transform the centuries old feudal culture. We should adopt new working culture in which one is not pull down by anybody upon his/her success. Accountability should be maintained while performing duties. People need to be praised for their right efforts and combine effort irrespective of their socio-political backgrounds. This will surely bring new and new milestones in our new Nepal

The need of global effort for a collective survival

The rapid pace in transport-system, information technology, communication etc. has led the world to new heights narrowing the globe day after day. There has been a tremendous physical development in the world with awe-inspiring superstructures, skyscrapers, infrastructures. Human Resource has gained par excellence due to countries' own initiatives, efforts, hard work, transfer of new technologies and resources across the globe.

However, with all these achievements, the current development system follows conventional pattern emphasizing development as synonymous to modernization or westernization. Yes, new innovations, R & D in health have made our lives more contented and lengthened the span of our life but, we haven't realized, we are shortening our life in the long run on the pretext of lengthening our present- life.

As we know well the scarce resources beneath and above the earth surface are the most significant factors of production which are major contributors and driving force to the world economy. We can notice how the rise in fossil fuel prices has been shaking the world. Yet, many serious questions arise- for how long these earthy-resources will be able to cater the voracious appetite of the resource-hungry world? Will the continued over-exploitation of conventional resources buy our sustainable future? This are largely debated issues in development discourses today.

For our collective survival, we must conserve our mother earth more intensely and sincerely. We should see how the environment of another country is damaged by over- exploiting our own country's resources because the world in which we live, is one and only entity and the pain can be felt no matter which part of our body get bruises.

We must maintain the sustainability of ecologies of our earth as all ecologies complement to each other and are interlinked to the life of earthy creatures. Looking and realizing this matter is more crucial than 'over-achieving' physical development because it will eventually synthesize and lengthen our future. The seasons, the monsoon, the hydraulic cycle of our earth should be maintained no matter what sort of physical development is to be sacrificed.

It is also known that 'ice dynamics' are the key factors to climate changes and in their role in sea-level rise. The correlation between global-warming, sea-level rise and massive deforestation in the developing world such as Amazonia, Zaire basin, Nigeria, Costa Rica, and Sri Lanka are the well proven facts.

Hence, the equilibrium between the mountain ecology and coastal ecology is inevitable to sustain the human ecology in both the region. Unbalancing them can stimulate the green-house effect and encourage global warming. This effect is eventually accelerating the frequency of melting of ice, climatic changes resulting excessive rainfall, flood, soil-erosion and landslides.


According to some observations, available since the early 1990s, since 1993 sea- level has been rising at a rate of about 3 millimeters per year. Climate models based on the current rate of increase in greenhouse gases, however, indicate that sea- level may rise at about 4 millimeters per year reaching 0.22 to 0.44 meters above 1990 levels by the period 2090-2099.


The latest G8 summit held in Japan also indorsed to cut the Green-house gas by half by the year 2050. However, some of the environmental experts hailed it by saying that it lacks the commitment. At the same time, the fast-developing countries like China, India, Brazil etc. have recently booming with transformation & modernization, such commitment will have a little or no effect at all. Moreover, these countries have ignored to endorse it. Eventually, when many countries will be following their footsteps, more exploitation and use of mineral, water and forest resources will take place which may lead further serious environmental repercussions.
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With all these serious effects, all the countries (coastal, non-coastal, and mountainous) should go hand in hand for the sake of conserving the mother earth. The developed countries (because they have technologies) should intensify exploration of new green-technologies and lay their helping hands to developing-world by transferring such technologies. The taboo divisions of the north and south, west and east, need to be dismantled. 'One' collective world should go hand in hand and help each other that eventually will mean the contribution to their nation's own existence. Only then we can envision our survival, sustenance of all the creatures in our 'green' future.

Difficulty factor

Human being is entitled with many Choices in his/her life. The Choice is present regardless of one’s social or economic status. The Choice or the selection process is not so severe until you cross the child-stage. As soon as you become conscious of the happenings in your life, the problems start to take hold on you. You have to choose the appropriate subject, course of study with many difficulties in making your choice. Problem in making Choice is intense until you finish your academic pursuit. You are supposed to coincide with your’s as well as your parent’s expectations regarding your academic pursuit. During the path of your carrier, you tend to make many mistakes and the end result of those mistakes would be visible afterwards and also you would never be able to know what the real cause was.

At the next phase, you begin exploring between the choices and opportunities according to the “perceived expertise” you have. Most of you get distressed and frustrated due to not getting the appropriate work according to the academic investment you made earlier. Even if you get it, it is completely new and alien in many cases which don’t suit to your qualification. Most of the time, you will get the underpaid and undeserving works. Sometimes you sleep out of your age to get the appropriate job due to over consumption of time or fail-Choices.

Then it is the time for your marriage. Marriage depends on what are you do at present? What is your profession? What is the social status? How do you look etc. If you don’t have good score in these things you are liable to get rejected often or land up getting a bad spouse. In many cases, you tend to make mistake in ‘choosing out of your Choices’. You can hardly find the partner of your dream or you long in your heart. Eventually, in many cases, you will fail in your marriage resulting either separation or you live with regrets and sorrows throughout your life.

When it is the time to bear children you have difficulties in delivering decision at what stage should have the children. You may have two main Choices- early so that you will be looked after at the old age or wait until you are capable to provide quality education and upbringing to them. If you chose the former, you may have to compromise between your earning and education of your child. You are always pressurized to provide an costly education to your child beyond your earning. Which makes you severely frustrated at many times. The upbringing will become much more challenging in the case of your child than you had in your childhood. Sometimes failing in deciding the numbers also make difficulties.

The life rolls down with the different Choices and duties you have to execute. With all these in your mind you suddenly breathe your last breath with several regrets of Choices, unfulfilled desires, wants and expectations onto your head. The times passes on with its fullest speed, nobody has ability to interrupt its steady speed!! The mighty God had something on His mind so you comply and abide with his interest.
Kamal Khanal